What to expect before, during and after a colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a routine screening that helps detect and prevent colorectal cancer. It involves examining the inside of your colon using a flexible tube with a camera. Your health care provider is looking for early signs of colon cancer or polyps that could potentially develop into cancer if not removed.

The American Cancer Society recommends that most people begin screening at age 45, though earlier screening may be recommended based on family history or symptoms.

How to prepare for a colonoscopy

Colonoscopies are minimally invasive and typically performed in outpatient settings. While it is the gold standard and the best test for detecting colon cancer, many people feel apprehensive about the test and the prep for it. Hopefully this will answer your questions, so you know what to expect.

How does colonoscopy prep work?

You’ll drink a prescribed laxative solution, usually in split doses. Your care team will share patient education documents that explain everything you need to know for these medications. You may be prescribed GoLYTELY, Dulcolax or MiraLAX. SUPREP is another option. They work by flushing out your colon so your doctor can get a clear view during the procedure.

What can you eat before a colonoscopy?

Two to three days before your procedure, switch to a low-fiber diet. The day before, you’ll move to clear liquids like broth, water and plain gelatin. Avoid seeds, nuts and fibrous vegetables like lettuce or celery — they’re harder to clean out and can interfere with the exam.

How many times will I poop during colonoscopy prep?

Expect frequent bowel movements — up to 10 or more — as the laxative solution clears your colon. The goal is to have watery stools that resemble urine by the end of the prep.

How bad is the prep?

It’s not fun, but it’s manageable. Most people say the prep is the worst part of the process. Staying hydrated and following your doctor’s instructions can make it easier. Perspective is key here — remind yourself that this discomfort may lead to your doctor catching polyps early and save you from experiencing the difficulties of a cancer diagnosis.

Can I do anything to make the prep taste better?

When you’re prescribed the solution, you’ll also receive information on what to eat and drink and what to avoid in the days leading up to your colonoscopy. While you’ll need to be on a clear liquid diet, there are tricks to making the medicine go down, such as mixing the solution with Gatorade or Crystal Light. Your patient education documents will list the correct combinations.

If you’re prone to nausea, talk to your primary care provider about an anti-nausea medication.

What to wear to a colonoscopy?

Wear loose, comfortable clothing. You’ll change into a hospital gown for the procedure, but comfort matters before and after.

What happens during a colonoscopy

A gastroenterologist or general surgeon recommended by your primary care provider will perform your colonoscopy.

You will lie down as a care team member inserts a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope into the rectum. It has a camera and light that allows your provider to view the inside of the colon on a monitor and examine the lining of the colon for any abnormalities. Air is carefully pumped into the colon, giving your provider the best possible view of the colon lining.

How long does a colonoscopy take?

The procedure itself usually takes 10-15 minutes. If polyps are removed or biopsies are taken, it may take up to 30-60 minutes. Plan to spend 2-3 hours at the facility to allow time for prep and recovery.

Does a colonoscopy hurt?

Most people are sedated and feel nothing. If you’re awake, you may feel pressure or bloating, but it shouldn’t be painful.

What anesthesia is used for colonoscopy?

Light sedation through an intravenous (IV) line is used to help you relax.

Are you intubated during colonoscopy?

No. Intubation is not required. You’ll breathe on your own throughout the procedure.

What can be diagnosed during a colonoscopy?

Doctors look for polyps, inflammation, bleeding and signs of colorectal cancer. Polyps can be removed and sent for testing during the procedure.

What to expect after a colonoscopy

You’ll need to stay for about a half hour after the procedure for your sedation to wear off. You’ll want to have someone drive you home from the appointment.

What can I eat after a colonoscopy?

You can resume a normal diet, but it’s recommended to start with a well-balanced meal — think lean proteins, whole grains and vegetables.

Some people say they’re super hungry before a colonoscopy but the hunger seems to go away after the anesthesia. If this happens to you, don’t be surprised, and I recommend simpler foods like saltines and chicken noodle soup before diving into a heavy meal.

How long after a colonoscopy will I use the bathroom?

It varies. Some people have a bowel movement within a day, while others may take a few days to return to normal.

How do you feel after a colonoscopy?

You may feel bloated or gassy from the air used during the procedure. This usually resolves within a few hours.

How long does it take to get colonoscopy results?

If polyps were removed, results typically come back within a few days to a week. Your doctor will follow up with you.

How often do I need to have a colonoscopy?

Once you have your first colonoscopy, your provider will assess your risk of developing colorectal cancer. For those with average risk, it’s recommended you are tested every ten years. There are alternative screening tests, but a colonoscopy is the gold standard.

Colonoscopy is a safe, effective way to prevent colorectal cancer. It’s quick, usually painless and can be life-saving. If you’re 45 or older — or have a family history of colorectal cancer — talk to your doctor about scheduling a colonoscopy.